ACT阅读-词汇题型猜词实用小技巧~-澜大教育官网

ACT阅读-词汇题型猜词实用小技巧~

发布时间：2024/03/18 11:34:11

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在TOEFL和ACT考试中，阅读科目虽然都存在词汇题型，但考察的重点确不同。作为语言能力测评的托福阅读，常考某个单词在词典中的“第1个常见含义”；而作为学术能力评估的ACT考试（简称“美国高考”），阅读科目的词汇题对学生们的能力要求显然更高，更侧重于某个单词在不同文章具体语境下的的含义，这个含义却不一定是该单词zui常见的那个意思。因此，为了更好的应对该问题，除了需要学生们平时背单词时拓宽深度外，今天我们也给大家提供一些在语境中猜词的实用小技巧。

技巧1: 指代线索

【70R】

Logic did not always lead to the same answers, however. While Parmenides satisfied himself that matter was unchanging and permanent, another Greek reached the opposite conclusion. Heraclitus of Ephesus (in Asia Minor) insisted that the universe, instead of standing still, is in continuous motion. He declared that a person cannot step into the same river twice—in fact, the river is changing even as one steps into it. This doctrine proved most disturbing, for if everything is constantly changing (including ourselves), how can we gain true knowledge of anything? By the time our mind has been informed, the object of our attention is no longer what it was!

As it is used in line 82, the word doctrine most nearly means:

A. change

B. illusion

C. theory

D. document

答案：C

分析：doctrine（教条、学说）这个单词在托福中比较少见，所以很多刚开始接触ACT考试的学生对这个单词的含义是比较陌生的，但就这题而言，即使不认识doctrine却也一点都不影响解题。此句中含有明显的指代线索“this～”，根据代词就近前指的原则，可以很快的找到上句中的“he declared~”来做同义替换，因此选C。

技巧2: 逻辑线索

同向逻辑—因果、举例强调、并列递进、类比等等

反向逻辑—转折、让步、对比等等

【67F】

Thus, while the brothers’ flights were remarkable, they were hardly bolts from the blue. Rather, their achievement was a vital step in a long progression toward controlled flight. And by no means did their success make them overnight celebrities: in 1903 hardly anyone heard about their flings, and those who did were not inclined to believe the tale.

The statement “they are hardly bolts from the blue”(line 59) most strongly suggests that flights like the Wright brothers’ were:

F. unsurprising

G. improbable

H. unusual

J. remarkable

答案：F

分析：虽然“hardly bolts from the blue”这个俚语没几个学生认识，但根据前半句的while（表句内转折）线索可知，下划线应该表达的是“not remarkable”的含义，因此选F。

技巧3: 态度线索

【C01】

Filmmakers have debated the respective merits of subtitles and dubbing since the earliest sound films. In “The Impossible Life of Clark Costa,” published in1940 in the film journal Cinema, director Michelangelo Antonioni wrote that Romolo Costa, the person who dubbed all of actor Clark Gable's performances, was a “hybrid individual born out of a chemical combination.” This “half Clark, half Costa” was unbearable to Antonioni, who considered dubbing to be a mere "acoustic surrogate” of acting. To him, dubbing compromised the intention of the director, leading to an artificial product that lacked artistic unity. Director Pier Paolo Pasolini, who called both dubbing and subtitles “evils,” said that, between the two, dubbing was the less harmful, since it allowed you to see the picture in full. Director Jean Renoir called dubbing a “monstrosity, a challenge to human and divine laws.”

As it is used in lines 16-17, the phrase a challenge to most nearly means:

F. an assault on.

G. a declaration of

H. a question for

J. an offer to

答案：F

解析：challenge（挑战）这个单词，大多数学生都认识，而这题做对选F的概率却依然很低，主要问题在于忽略了此句中challenge的态度属性。划线处的challenge作为前方“monstrosity（与monster“怪物”构词很像）”的同位语，明显应该是“极端负向态度”，只有F选项assaultzui为合适。

技巧4: 修饰搭配线索

【68G】

Ad hoc ways of categorizing living things are useful. Long may they persist. Practical people doing practical things need to carve up the world in their own ways, and it is not for outsiders to cavil. The flesh of abalones (ear shells) and of lobsters are comparably tender even if those creatures are less closely related to each other than eagles are to sea squirts; so why not call them both 'shellfish'? A ‘weed' is a useful category, as any farmer will attest. Each system of classification casts its own light upon the world; lay different classifications side by side and you illuminate from different angles, and truly begin to see in three dimensions.

As it is used in line 49, the phrase carve up most nearly means:

A. gouge.

B. minimize

C. analyze.

D. inscribe.

答案：C

分析：carve up字面义取自carve（雕刻、切割），故很多学生会误选D项inscribe（刻字、题写）。但根据句内的搭配对象“～the world”可知，此处若理解为“inscribe the world”则十分怪诞，因此解释为“analyze the world”更合适（原句翻译为：务实的人在做实用的事情时会按照自己的方式来理解分析世界）。

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