Among the more plausible suggestions for large brain size are that the complexity of processing high-frequency echolocation information requires the development of large centers in the cerebral hemispheres, and/or that the degree of sociality exhibited by many species, in which individual animals recognize and have particular long- and short-term relationships with a number of other individuals, has favored the evolutionary development of a large, complex brain.
托福阅读中有很多诸如上文的长句子,绝对超过了新手友好的范畴,层层考验着同学们的阅读和心理素质。选择硬着头皮读下去,又发现读不懂,这时该怎么解决呢?
我们先来说说一般同学在长难句阅读方面的主要问题:
1. 看不懂语法结构。
2. 看懂了语法结构,但不理解其意思。
这两个问题归根结底其实是“结构+逻辑”的问题。如果语法结构看不懂,说明句子主干未能分析清楚;如果字面意思能看懂但不理解,说明只是简单翻译长难句,而未能将长难句内化成逻辑链理解。
接下来通过对例句的分析,我们将逐一解决。先来说结构。很多同学都知道解决长难句的方法是找到主干,但是道理都懂,就是不会找,怎么办呢?
Step 1:删掉修饰。
如果在刚开始一下子找不到主干的话,可以先删去修饰成分,包括介词短语(for, of+n.), 定语从句(in which), 非谓语动词(exhibited by)。在化繁为简之后,那么剩下的句子部分就相对清晰。
Among the more plausible suggestions for large brain size are that the complexity of processing high-frequency echolocation information requires the development of large centers in the cerebral hemispheres, and/or that the degree of sociality exhibited by many species, in which individual animals recognize and have particular long- and short-term relationships with a number of other individuals, has favored the evolutionary development of a large, complex brain.
Step 2:找准逻辑。
在删去修饰成分之后,我们可以找到句子的主干。除了句子主干之外,我们还需要注意句子的逻辑,如阅读中常见逻辑为因果转折条件并列等。
经过上述步骤后,上面的句子变成了:
Among the more plausible suggestions are that the complexity requires the development of large centers and/or that the degree of sociality has favored the evolutionary development。
其中and/or是连接两个that从句的重要的并列连词。
Step 3:逻辑推演
如果读到第二步就结束了,可能还是无法理解或者无法记住这句话。这就需要我们从简单的翻译一串中文,走向在脑海中形成一条逻辑链。
比如上面这个句子,我们可以在脑海中变成:
Among the more plausible suggestions for large brain size are A and B.
A: the complexity of (processing echolocation information)
B:the degree of sociality
即关于大的大脑尺寸的更可能的解释是A和B, A是为了处理回声定位信息, B是社交性的程度
这样我们真正理解了这个句子,并且也不会读前忘后、读后忘前。现在再看相关的句子简化题,是不是觉得可以迎刃而解了呢。
正确答案:D
分析:根据并列逻辑and/or先排除B和C,A结构和原文非常相似,容易误选,但注意其是the development..., large centers..., and/or a high degree...这三者的并列,和原文不符,所以选D。
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Copyright ©2023上海澜大教育信息咨询有限公司. All Rights Reserved 沪ICP备10035962号-1 沪公网安备31010102007782