SAT文法考试干货|时态考点和非谓语动词详细解析-澜大教育官网

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SAT文法考试干货|时态考点和非谓语动词详细解析

发布时间：2023/09/20 09:53:44

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今天小澜老师给大家带来的是SAT文法考试的干货：时态考点和非谓语动词。

关于动词的题目一直都是SAT文法部分的重点和必考点，目前机考关于动词的考法有以下几大类：

1.谓语与非谓语的区别( finite verb vs nonfinite verb )

2.主谓一致

3.动词的时态

4.非谓语的使用

今天咱们来讲讲大家很容易困惑的动词的时态和非谓语的使用。

英语一共有16种时态，它们分别是：

Tenses	Example
Simple Present Tense✳️	She reads book in library.
Present Continuous Tense	I am studying in a high school.
Present Prefect tense✳️	He has made this colorful chart.
Present Perfect continuous tense	She has been working there since 2017.
Simple Past Tense✳️	He completed the assignment.
Past Continuous Tense	He was reading the book.
Past Perfect Tense✳️	I had finished my homework.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense	I had been playing football since morning.
Simple Future tense✳️	I will go there tomorrow.
Future Continuous Tense	He will be playing football.
Future Perfect Tense	He will have played football.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense	He will have been watching the TV for fifty minutes.
Past Future Tense✳️	I told that I would leave in one hour.
Past Future Continuous Tense	I told that I would be doing my work all day long.
Past Future Perfect Tense✳️	She said that she would have done her work.
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense	He said that I would have been working here for two hours by that time.

其中画星号的是SAT常考的几种时态。遇到考查动词的题目同学们不要慌，先判断是不是在考查谓语与非谓语的区别，再考虑主谓是否一致，再考虑时态等错误。

当动词有明确的主语和时态变化时，它就是谓语动词。谓语动词的时态在SAT中通常有以下几种考查模式：

1.时态一致性 consistency

动词的时态要与文章背景保持一致，当没有特殊时间提示词且主谓一致的情况下，可以通过上下文的时态来判断。例如：

For patients, this will mean a larger and more diverse set of potential caretakers; and for the nurses themselves, this meant stable employment, relatively high wages, and a rewarding career.

A) NO CHANGE

B) had meant

C) will mean

D) is meaning

答案选C，与上文 will mean 保持一致。

2. date in the past = simple past

题干中有明确的过去的时间点，就要用一般过去时，SAT有时候会用现在完成时来做干扰。

比如：

The State University of New York (SUNY) was subsequently founded in 1948. Massachusett’ s Stonehill College, which has been established in the same year, estimates that veterans comprised up to a third of its first entering class.

A) NO CHANGE

B) will be

C) is

D) was

答案选D, in the same year = in 1948, 有明确的过去的时间点，用一般过去时。

3. would 和 will 的混用

Would和will在SAT中考得非常频繁，经常会错误互换。

记住：整个题干都是过去时一般不会出现will，同理，整个题干都是一般现在时一般也不会出现would（有时间提示词的除外）。

例如：

Cannon’s background in physics, astronomy, and photography provided her with a unique skillset that will serve her well for the rest of her career. After working as a research assistant for a number of astronomers at Wellesley and Radcliffe Colleges, Cannon was hired by Professor Edward Charles Pickering, the director of Harvard College Observatory.

A) NO CHANGE

B) serve

C) would serve

D) has served

答案选C。整个题干用的都是过去时，不用will.

4. 现在完成时 vs 过去完成时

当过去分词(past participle)用在动词 have 的各种形式(to have, have, has, had )的后面时构成完成时。

过去分词接在has/have后面，构成现在完成时：Present Perfect = has/have + Past Participle

过去分词接在had 后面，构成过去完成时：Past Perfect = had + Past Participle

现在完成时和过去完成时也是SAT文法的重要考点，它们的区别要搞清楚：

现在完成时指的是从过去开始直到现在所发生的事情。过去完成时指的是从过去开始直到过去的某个时间点所发生的事情。过去完成时通常用来强调过去的某件事发生的时间早于过去的另一件事。

例如：

For years New York City sculptors have not had a suitable place to exhibit their artworks, some of which could not even fit within the walls of existing galleries. As a result, they jumped at the chance to join di Suvero in promoting the venture, the Socrates Sculpture Park, which opened in 1986.

A) NO CHANGE

B) will not have

C) had not had

D) would not have

答案选C。这里要用过去完成时，而不能用现在完成时。因为纽约的雕塑家没有地方展示他们的雕塑这件事发生在苏格拉底雕塑公园建成之前。公园建成于1986年，是过去具体的时间点。所以发生在它之前的事情，用过去完成时。D选项虽然可以用在过去，但它表示的是过去将来时，用来表示苏格拉底雕塑公园建成之后发生的事情，不符合文章背景。

以上是小编整理出来的几个常考的时态类考点，值得注意的是，不是所有考动词的题目都是考时态，有时候学生研究了半天时态，发生其实人家考的是主谓一致或者非谓语动词，接下来我们来讲讲非谓语动词的使用。

非谓语动词不作谓语，没有时态的区别，有三大类：动名词(gerund), 不定式(infinitive), 分词(participle)

Gerund 是动名词，表现为 V+ ing 形式，例如: Being, Running, Having, Flying，gerund在句中作名词成分，例：Running is fun.

Infinitive指的是动词的不定式, 表现为 to + 动词原型，例如：to be, to run, to have, to fly

不定式可以直接作句子的主语： To stroll the beach is my number one goal this weekend.

可以表目的：She left her company to join our organization.

Participle指的是动词的变形，作修饰成分，有现在分词 present participle 和过去分词 past participle之分。

Present participle: V+ing 例如： running, flying

Past participle: V+ ed / en /d / t / n or ne… 例如：asked, eaten, saved, seen, gone

⚠️present participle虽然和gerund都是 V+ing 形式，但是作用不一样,动名词是作名词成分，而现在分词是作形容词成分来使用。

The crying baby had a wet diaper.

分词也可以与其他单词一起构成分词性短语用来做修饰语，它可以放在句首，句中或句末。

放在句子zui前面：Removing his coat, Jack rushed to the river.

⚠️ Participial Phrase放句首的时候，一定要与后面跟着的主句的主语保持一致，否则就是dangling modifier (也是SAT的一个考点，这里不作详述)

放在句子中间：Children interested in music early develop strong intellectual skills.

放在句子末尾：Jack noticed her cousin walking along the shoreline.

谓语与非谓语的区别也是SAT的一个考点，我们说任何句子都必须包含至少两个元素：主语和谓语。缺主语或谓语都不能构成句子(祈使句除外)，用非谓语代替谓语是SAT文法经常考的一种错误。

例如：

George Orwell’s term “doublespeak” referring to the intentional use of language to confuse or to mislead, as when one says “revenue enhancement” instead of “tax increase.”

A) NO CHANGE

B) referring to language which is intentionally

used

C) which refers to the intentionally using

language

D) refers to the intentional use of language

答案选D。该句缺乏谓语，现在分词referring是非谓语动词，不能作谓语，排除A和B。C选项是关系代词引导的关系从句，与现在分词的作用一样都是用来修饰前面的doublespeak的，同样导致句子缺谓语。

有时候句子已经有了谓语，后面又出现了一个动词，就不能用谓语的形式，要改成非谓语。

比如：

She left her company joined our organization.

Left在这里是谓语动词，后面不可以再出现一个谓语动词，可以改成不定式to join, 表目的。

She left her company to join our organization.

好啦，今天的分享就到这里啦。

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