expression of ideas越来越难拿满格?你需要做好这两点!在SAT成绩单里,点进section score之后我们可以看到阅读和数学各个domain的考试表现,满格虽然不代表全对,但至少证明在这个部分学生的做题表现和整体掌握还是不错的。
但是我们对比去年和今年很多同学的成绩单,会发现一个现象:在文法部分,以前很多同学都可以在expression of ideas部分拿满格,而近几次考试越多越多会在expression of ideas部分扣掉一格。那么首先,expression of ideas考查什么呢?从题型来说,它包含的是两大类题目:
·Transitions
·Rhetorical synthesis
刷题多的同学会发现,从2023年到2025年真题的文法部分对比来看,这两大类题型明显变难了。但实际上,如果我们对比阅读部分的难度、以及对比纸笔时代的语法题目,会发现现在的题目越来越体现纸笔时代语法考核的要求:不仅要理解语法结构,还要理解语义逻辑。
很多人不理解为什么这两类题目会归类在语法部分,觉得他们更多和阅读相关联。但要知道,我们所说的语法部分其实在官方的定位里叫“writing”,也就是说,在文法部分考的conventions、transitions、以及rhetorical synthesis,都是服务于写作逻辑的,落脚点并不单单是语法规则准确,而是语义表达有效、有逻辑、有重点。
基于这样的要求,我们需要从这三点做好应对:
1. transitions题目里务必找出句子的重点,而不仅仅是粗略看一遍句子包含了哪些词。
很多同学认为句子理解就是读一遍然后翻译,如果真的这样就能看懂句子,那怎么我们的母语还有“语文阅读理解”呢?对很多句子,尤其是长句,需要抓住核心信息,再判断核心信息之间的关联。
比如以下这道题:
Long thought to be sessile (immobile), adult Chelonibia testudinaria, barnacles that adhere to sea turtle shells, have been observed to shift slightly in position over time—a phenomenon that has been attributed to the barnacles' passive displacement by water currents.____a research team found that adult C. testudinaria moved toward the heads of their sea turtle hosts and thus against the prevailing water flow, behavior consistent with self-initiated locomotion.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
(A) Confirming this hypothesis,
(B) Undermining this explanation,
(C) Drawing a similar conclusion,
(D) Contrary to this phenomenon,
很多同学在看这一题时,也理解句子意思,但在处理信息时,空格前方信息只关注破折号之前的phenomenon,大概看出这是一个现象,然后发现空格后面扫一眼也大致是一个现象,就判定前后是同向关系。但其实,第一句话的重点信息就没有把握准确。
仔细看会发现空格前方除了phenomenon,在破折号后面还有一个attributed to,因果关联是SAT最重要的逻辑关系之一,这里必须注意到,空格前方除了phenomenon,还有一个对此展开的原因解释,进一步提到了passive displacement。而进一步关注空格后方,就会发现虽然现象都是shift slightly,但增加了against water flow, 且原因变成了self-initiated。
所以这里的重点信息,就变成了【shift slightly——attributed to passive displacement】和【against water flow——self-initiated】之间的关系,不难发现,逻辑关系是相反的,而且相反的并不是现象,而是对现象为什么会出现的背后动因,也就是undermine the explanation。
这就是我们所说的,把握句子重点,而不只是粗略读一遍。当然这样能做出来相当一部分题目,但是一旦碰到难题就会很难应对。
2. rhetorical synthesis要把四个选项都看一遍
这类题型原本是很多同学眼里的“送分题”,但要知道现在这类题目包含难题的概率越来越大,尤其会有一种“看起来很简单但实际上有坑”的现象,特别需要警惕。
而对此最好的应对,就是避免“秒选”。即便我们感觉题目很简单,也要做好两个步骤:
(1)题目一定要看完整,找完整要素
(2)把四个选项都看一遍,确保你的选项是四个里的最优选
这样可以有效避免选项里的坑。尤其现在有一些题的选项会包含细节错误,我们必须依靠笔记完成,比如以下这题:
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
• Digital Light Synthesis (DLS) is a form of additive manufachuring that utilizes light to rapidly cure liquid resin into high-quality, 3D objects.
• Step 1: Ultraviolet (UV) light images are projected up into a pool of liquid resin, where the object's first layer takes shape.
• Step 2: The partially cured resin object is raised, leaving a thin space (a "dead zone") beneath it for oxygen and liquid resin to flow through.
• Step 3: The UV light passes through the dead zone—maintaining the flow of resin—and partially cures additional layers of the object.
• Step 4: When the resin object is complete, it is baked in an oven to complete the curing.
The student wants to describe how DLS cures 3D objects. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
(A) DLS cures 3D objects by passing through a "dead zone," adding layers to the object, then curing the object in an oven.
(B) In DLS, UV light is projected into layers of liquid resin until the resin solidifies and passes through a "dead zone," wherein the curing is completed.
(C) In DLS, UV light images are projected into a llquid resin pool to cure a 3D object layer by layer; once solidified, the object is baked in an oven.
(D) DLS is a form of additve manufacturing that creates a "dead zone" in which UV light solidfles layer by layer before being baked in an oven, creating a high-quality, 3D object.
这也是我们要看完整选项的重要意义。如果不仔细看,可能看完A有过程,就会直接选A。但实际上看完四个选项,会发现A、B、C、D都有过程。这种时候我们就需要笔记信息的辅助。对照笔记不难发现B的表述错误,但对于A、C、D这样都提到了笔记信息的,仍然需要进一步判断。
这就需要前文提到的,语义表达要有效、有重点。按照A和D的描述,重点都是creating a “dead zone”,将其描述为了整个过程的核心。但实际上在笔记信息里creating a “dead zone”只是众多步骤之一,这就是表述上的重点偏离。
虽然这两题确实是expression of ideas里较难的情况,也属于少数,但体现出来的问题却会涉及包括简单题的做题逻辑。尤其SAT要冲高分的同学,务必加强关注expression of ideas题型中的这两个重要做题步骤。
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