GRE逻辑单题方法论|记住解题“公式”，便能事半功倍~-澜大教育官网

GRE逻辑单题方法论|记住解题“公式”，便能事半功倍~

发布时间：2024/07/29 14:03:33

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改革后的GRE阅读依然保留了逻辑单题(argument)，只是题量不再是固定每个section一道，根据学生的反馈，很多时候两个section只有一道。虽然题量少，但逻辑单题却并不简单，有时候占用时间较长。好在逻辑题有其独特的出题模式和解题方法，只要记住解题“公式”，便能事半功倍。

首先，什么是逻辑单题？简单来说，逻辑单题就是一系列前提条件得出一个结论。这个论证的过程有的严密有的不严密，所以结论的可信度有强弱之分。

目前我们的逻辑题有以下几种问法：

1, strengthens: which of the following, if true, would strengthen the given argument?

2, weakens: which of the following, if true, would weaken the given argument?

3, assumption: the given argument is based on which of the following assumptions?

4, missing - info: which of the following data is required to evaluate the validity of the given argument?

5, implication: from the information given above, it can be concluded that…

From the information given above, it can not be concluded that…

6, discrepancy: which of the following, if true, best resolves the discrepancy above?

Or which of the following explains the apparent paradox in the argument ?

7, sentence relationship: In the argument given, the two highlighted portions play which of the following roles?

大致总结一下其实就是六大类：1，找assumption 2，找它因以加固或减弱结论 3，句子关系（搞清楚fact, assumption, theory, position 之间的区别） 4，补充逻辑链条。6，找矛盾点以及调和方法。

我们以其中zui难的 assumption 类型题目为例来解释一下。首先什么是assumption呢？刚刚我们说了逻辑论证argument其实就是一系列前提条件得到结论。但很多时候论证的证据其实是不足以得出结论的，为了得出结论我们还需要加入其他一些必要条件。这种必要却没有明说的前提条件就是我们要找的assumption。

Assumption类型题目的做题方法是：对选项取非，取非之后代入文章，如果文章结论被破坏，那么该选项就是正确答案。我们来看一道例题：

例：

Currently, Sulandian television journalists are twice as likely as other workers to support the

Blue Party, and Sulandian journalism students are significantly more likely to support the Blue

Party than working television journalists are. Therefore, assuming that these students do not

change their political affiliations as they get older, the disparity between the political affiliations

of Sulandia’s television journalists and those of the rest of the working population will increase

as current Sulandian journalism students enter the profession.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A. Few of the television journalists currently working in Sulandia were trained in Sulandian

journalism schools.

B. Journalists in Sulandia whose political affiliations differ from those of the general population

tend to allow their political views to affect the way they report news about politics.

C. Most of the television journalists currently working in Sulandia who support the Blue Party

also supported the Blue Party when they were students.

D. Support for the Blue party is not significantly less common among those current Sulaidan

journalism students who intend to become television journalists than it is among current Sulandian journalism students as a whole.

E. Classes in Sulandian journalism schools are not taught mainly by working Sulandian

journalists.

我们首先来梳理一下论证已知的前提条件和结论：

1，S电视台的记者支持B党的可能性是其他职业人员的2倍。

2，S电视台的学生比S电视台的记者更加支持B党

3，假定这些学生未来不会改变他们的政治倾向

结论：随着现在这些S电视台学生进入工作岗位，S电视台的记者们和其他职业人员的政治理念差距会越来越大。

我们可以先思考一下这个论证的漏洞，即，它为了得到结论做了哪些unstated assumptions? 其实非常多，比如，这些S电视台的学生一定会从事记者这个职业么？不一定吧，很多人从事的职业跟他的专业可能并不相关。就算要从事记者这个行业，一定会留在S电视台么？留在S电视台当记者的学生一定是支持B党的么？外面学校的学生就不能来S电视台上班么？

以上任何一个问题的答案如果是否定的，都会影响我们的论证。当然考试的时候我们没有必要花大量时间去寻找各种可能性的漏洞，我们有一个zui简单的方法，就是优先关注有否定词(not, no)的选项，然后对它进行取非，代入文章验证。

D，取非后：支持B党的学生中，未来想做记者的人要远远少于想做其他职业的。那么等他们进入工作岗位后，S电视台记者和其他职业人员之间的disparity 就会缩小。否定文章结论，为正确答案。

我们来分析一下其他干扰选项：

A，偷换时间。文章的结论是从现在预测未来，过去如何不重要。

B，未改变现有证据和假定。政治观点会不会影响新闻报道与结论不相关，属于逻辑链条之外。

C，偷换时间。文章的结论是从现在预测未来，过去如何不重要。

E，未改变现有证据和假定。已经给了前提，学生的观点不会变，说明学校和老师对学生的影响因素被排除。

以上就是assumption类型题目的做题方法，同学们学会了么？

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